Memory

"Memory" is the most well-known song from the musical Cats. It is a showstopping ballad that is primarily performed by Grizabella. The lyrics of the song were written by Cats director Trevor Nunn, based on the T S Eliot poems "Rhapsody on a Windy Night" and "Preludes".

This song is one of Andrew Lloyd Webber's most famous compositions and a runaway hit with a life far beyond the musical. For more details of recordings see Wikipedia. The song is often mistakenly referred to in popular culture as "Memories".

Context
The song "Memory" is first heard in a short version at the end of Act 1. The audience has already been introduced to Grizabella by Bombalurina and Demeter in "Grizabella: The Glamour Cat", and during "The Jellicle Ball", Grizabella is seen watching the Cats. After they finish, she approaches and tries to join them, but is rejected. Once the other Cats leave the stage, Grizabella begins to copy their dance moves, but alone and frail, she cannot capture the magic of the Ball. She is left alone to contemplate her memories of the time when she apart of the Jellicle tribe. She sings a single verse of "Memory", and reaches out for anyone to touch her. She desperately wants to be accepted. Although Old Deuteronomy has been watching, he is too far away to reach out to her, and she leaves with what little pride she has remaining.

The next iteration of the "Memory" melody is at the beginning of Act 2, after Old Deuteronomy sings "The Moments of Happiness", Jemima/Sillabub sings:

 Moonlight, Turn your face to the moonlight Let your memory lead you Open up, enter in If you find there the meaning of what happiness is Then a new life will begin

As the night is drawing to a close, again Jemima/Sillabub sings:

 Daylight, See the dew on a sunflower. And a rose that is fading, Roses wither away. Like the sunflower, I yearn to turn my face to the dawn. I am waiting, For the day.

Finally, Old Deuteronomy comes to choose the cat to be taken to the Heaviside Layer. Suddenly, Grizabella appears on stage once more. This is Grizabella's last chance to be accepted, and although again met with hostility from the tribe, she sings again, the full version of "Memory". Again Jemima/Sillabub sings with her, the first of the Cats to understand her. By the end of the song, everyone understands her plight, and she is finally accepted by everyone, and escorted by Old Deuteronomy "Up, Up, Up to the Heaviside Layer".

History
"Memory" was written rather late in the development of the show. It was hearing the melody of the song that persuaded Elaine Paige to accept the role of Grizabella. Tim Rice was initially brought in to provide the lyrics but his version was considered too dark, so instead Trevor Nunn wrote his own lyrics that draw on imagery and text from T S Eliot's poems "Rhapsody on a Windy Night" and "Preludes", both from Prufrock and Other Observations (1917).

The version of the song popularised by hundreds of recording artists uses lyrics from both Act 1 "Memory" and this longer number. This "Single Version" is not actually performed in the musical itself, although it is sometimes used in lieu of the stage version in cast recordings because it is more "radio-friendly".

Music
As Grizabella enters, her familiar ground bass motif strikes up in Bb minor, setting the dark and gloomy mood. Her ground bass line is played twice, before the Bb major arpeggios that open "Memory" begin.

"Memory" is a sentimental ballad intentionally written in the style of Puccini. The song is primarily set in the 12/8 time signature, shifting meters to 10/8 and 6/8 throughout its duration. It has a loose tempo ("freely") of around 50 beats per minute. Each verse begins with a chord progression of Bb-Gm-Eb-Dm.

The song is primarily composed in the key of Bb major, but when Grizabella collapses mid-way, the orchestra begins playing half a verse in Gb major before Jemima/Sillabub begins her bridge and Grizabella joins in, one octave apart. As the bridge comes to an end, the orchestra shifts to the Db major key as Grizabella belts the climax of the song ("Touch me!"). Grizabella's vocals span from G3 to Eb5 and her part is meant to be sung with the chest voice. Jemima/Sillabub's part ranges from Eb4 to F5, and is sung with the head voice.



As Grizabella sings her last note and reaches out her hand hoping to be touched, she is accompanied by the recurring Jellicle theme. The theme is played here in its two-phrase form and intoned on synthesizer bells (labelled on the score as "Jellicle Bells"), thus bookending the same music that was played in the preceding "Daylight".



Act 1 Prelude
 Grizabella: Midnight (alt- Silence) Not a sound from the pavement Has the moon lost her memory She is smiling alone In the lamplight the withered leaves collect at my feet And the wind begins to moan

Every street lamp seems to beat A fatalistic warning Someone mutters and the street lamp gutters And soon it will be morning

Memory All alone in the moonlight I can smile at the old days I was beautiful then I remember the time I knew what happiness was Let the memory live again

Act 2 Reprise
 Grizabella: Memory Turn your face to the moonlight Let your memory lead you Open up enter in If you find there the meaning of what happiness is Then a new life will begin

Memory All alone in the moonlight I can smile at the old days I was beautiful then I remember the time I knew what happiness was Let the memory live again

Burnt out ends of smoky days The stale cold smell of morning The streetlamp dies, another night is over Another day is dawning

Daylight I must wait for the sunrise I must think of a new life And I mustn't give in When the dawn comes Tonight will be a memory too And a new day will begin

Jemima/Sillabub: Sunlight through the trees in summer Endless masquerading

Both: Like a flower as the dawn is breaking

Grizabella: The memory is fading

Touch me It's so easy to leave me All alone with the memory Of my days in the sun If you touch me You'll understand what happiness is

Look - A new day has begun

Single Version
 Midnight Not a sound from the pavement Has the moon lost her memory She is smiling alone In the lamplight the withered leaves collect at my feet And the wind begins to moan

Memory All alone in the moonlight I can smile at the old days (alt) I was beautiful then (alt) Life was beautiful then I remember the time I knew what happiness was Let the memory live again

Every street lamp seems to beat A fatalistic warning Someone mutters and the street lamp gutters And soon it will be morning

Daylight I must wait for the sunrise I must think of a new life And I mustn't give in When the dawn comes Tonight will be a memory too And a new day will begin

Burnt out ends of smoky days The stale cold smell of morning The streetlamp dies, another night is over Another day is dawning

Touch me It's so easy to leave me All alone with the memory Of my days in the sun If you touch me You'll understand what happiness is

Look - A new day has begun

Tim Rice Lyrics
 Street lights And the darkness between them Like the good and the bad sides Of a life almost done. Shake the memory All my passions returning to me None forgotten No, not one.

One life Is there only the one life That we lose in the living In an endless decline? No complaining For no one else has seen what I've seen One existence Only mine

Don't look back no don't look back So hard to heed that warning Such temptation but the past is past And the night makes way for morning

Daylight I won't care if it finds me With no breath in my body With no beat in my heart For I'm certain That now I know what happiness is Wish I'd known that From the start

Touch me Is there no one to touch me It was easy to love me In my glamorous past As I leave you A shadow of the light I once was May my memory Sleep at last

International Versions

 * Chinese
 * Czech
 * Dutch
 * French
 * German
 * Hungarian
 * Japanese
 * Norwegian
 * Russian
 * Spanish

Audio

 * "Daylight" and "Memory" from the 1981 London cast recording


 * "Daylight" and "Memory" from the 1983 Broadway cast recording


 * "Memory" from the 2019 movie soundtrack